“For example, many sociologists (and others) had long assumed that assimilation and integration were the necessary end results of migration (including the forced migration that brought Africans to America as slaves). Sociologists, like anthropologists, had long questioned the scientific status of racial distinctions. They argued that using skin color to classify human populations was arbitrary and a result of historical circumstance and pseudo-science (a view that genetic research has more recently supported). But during the 1960s, influenced by the Black Power movement, many sociologists began to go beyond this, questioning the goals of assimilation and racial integration. The basic question was how much of their own culture, identity, and claims to respect did African-Americans have to surrender to assimilate. It appeared to many that ending forced segregation (a main goal of the civil rights movement) only addressed half the issue. It questioned keeping Blacks out of white neighborhoods and other preserves, but didn’t question whiteness as such, or the extent to which integration was only offered on the condition that Blacks act like whites. It appeared, in other words, as if greater economic and political equality for Blacks was offered at the expense of Black pride - that is, of recognition of the cultural achievements and self-understanding of Blacks themselves.”
- “Introduction” in Contemporary Sociological Theory, 3rd edition (edited by Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis, James Moody, Steven Pfaff, and Indermohan Wirk)
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